How Hiv Is Transmitted From One Individual - 988 Words

In this essay I will be discussing how HIV is transmitted from one individual to another through a number of ways which include: unprotected sex, sharing injecting equipment and other needles, pregnancy, childbirth and breast feeding, and blood transfusion; various treatments available to affected individuals to prolong and enable them to live a healthy life as there is currently no cure for HIV; and finally the psycho-social aspects involved in HIV infection including fear and loss, hopelessness, helplessness syndrome, guilt a in relation Andrew and his family Viruses A virus is a tiny obligate intracellular parasite which has its RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein protective coat1. A virus may be viewed as a movable genetic element1. For integration and propagation of a virus, the virus will have to depend on the host cell which will serve as complex metabolic and biosynthetic machinery1. A mature virus is often referred to as a virion which exerts its effect by transferring its genomic DNA or RNA to the host cell and then undergoes replication so that its genome can be expressed in the host cell1. HIV HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus2, 3. The progression of HIV is well documented and if left untreated, its activity can simply overwhelm the immune system4, and this can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 2, 3, and 4. HIV is a lentivirus5, 6 which implies that there is only a considerable period from acquaintance to the onset of symptomsShow MoreRelatedAntibiotic Resistant Sexually Transmitted Disease1399 Words   |  6 PagesAntibiotic Resistant Sexually Transmitted Disease Due to consistent misuse of antibiotics, there are some antibiotic-resistant sexual transmitted disease. Misuse of antibiotics includes doctors over prescribing the medicine to patients and patient not taking the medications properly. According to a survey in the New England Journal of Medicine, there are a large percentage of patients who are prescribed antibiotic that stop taking them once the symptoms of the disease goes away. According the WorldRead MoreProblems With Sexual Health And Substance Abuse1452 Words   |  6 Pagesneeds from adolescence forward, including the reproductive system, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, and fertility. Untreated STDs can lead to serious long-term health consequences† (Healthy people 2020, 2015. An estimated 19 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are diagnosed each year in the United States; almost half of them among young people ages 15 to 24 (Reproductive and Sexual Health, 2015). New York is a city of many cult ures; it is difficult to understand how each cultureRead MoreSpreading Of Hiv / Aids1734 Words   |  7 PagesSpreading of HIV/AIDS What is AIDS and how it is spreading throughout the world? Throughout the 20th-21st Century, AIDS has been a top primary concern for many people and how it can spread numerous ways through any physical contact. AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, has a set of symptoms that has caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV. This type of virus is considered to be when a person’s immune system is too weak to defend advanced HIV infections and how it developsRead MoreHiv / Aids And Hepatitis C911 Words   |  4 PagesHIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C: How It Relates to Substance Abuse Introduction Everyday people put themselves at risk of catching a virus, but when an individual is an abuser of substances the odds of catching an infection become much higher. There are instances one may experience and brush off as not serious for example, one may assume that catching a cold poses no substantial threat to any individual as it usually passes in a week. However, if the individual is immunocompromised due to being HIV positiveRead MoreModern Day Methods Of Contracting1113 Words   |  5 Pagesspecies they originate from. The zoonotic transmission of the SIV virus from these non-human primates is discussed as well. As a result of these transmissions, the human immunodeficiency virus is brought to life. In this paper, this virus and its journey throughout history will be explained. Also, HIV and the different subfields this virus can be classified in are discussed throughout the research. As well as the where this virus was contracted, about the time when, and how it was possible. AlsoRead MoreAids ( Acquired Immune )1202 Words   |  5 Pages(Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a disease caused by a virus called HIV  (Human immunodeficiency virus). This changes the body’s immune system, exposing individuals to infections and diseases. HIV / AIDS is the most threatening pandemic in the whole world. It is one of the infectious diseases that has claimed lives of many individuals all over. This has been propagated by its means of transmission from one individual to the other. For this reason, many organizations have come up to look forRead MoreThe Effects of HIV754 Words   |  3 PagesHygiene, The Bronx has the highest HIV infection rate in New York City. In 2013, NYC.gov reported 35,172 people were living with HIV/AIDS in the Bronx. Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is the final stage of HIV. This is a world wide epidemic, especially because most people living with HIV dont have access to prevention, care or treatment and there is still no cure. HIV can be transmitted from certain fluids such as, bloodRead MoreOverview of HIV Essay538 Words   |  3 PagesHIV, or the human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus found in human beings that primarily infects cells that are part of the immune system, but can affect other cell types as well. HIV is what is called a retrovirus, meaning it has the coding system of RNA opposed to DNA. AIDS is a virus that is caused by HIV and has many different symptoms that vary with different individuals. HIV causes symptoms such as severe infections that can lead to pneumonia and changes of the skin like red or purple patchesRead MoreHIV/AIDS, Herpes and HPV in South African Youth Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesdemographic in sexually transmitted diseases due to the high number of cases it presents. According to the UNAIDS, it is this age group of the population that has shown the highest HIV prevalence over time. Se xually transmitted diseases (STDs) like Herpes and HPV within the South African youth are also associated to the transmission of HIV because both of them increase the risk of infection. Furthermore, this interrelation between HIV and other STDs helps explain the HIV epidemic in South AfricaRead MoreCommunicable Disease934 Words   |  4 Pagescommunicable disease is an infectious disease transmitted from one person to another directly or indirectly. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV and nearly one in five of those are not aware that they are infected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infection that slowly destroys

Essay about Free Will and Fate in the Odyssey - 1574 Words

Homer’s View of Free Will and Fate in the Odyssey Free will and fate are both prominent in the Odyssey. In the Odyssey, free will is depicted whenever characters make decisions. In example, Odysseus blinds the Cyclops, Polyphemus. Fate, in the Odyssey, is the consequences that are dealt out due to certain actions. In the case of Odysseus and Polyphemus, the consequence is that when Odysseus is on a ship heading home to reach Ithaca, Poseidon, being the father of Polyphemus, sends a storm at Odysseus being angry that Odysseus blinded his son. In that scenario, Odysseus makes the decision to blind Polyphemus to escape, and in turn, the consequence is that Poseidon attempts to hit him with a storm in the sea. The contrasting themes of†¦show more content†¦All their afflictions come from us, we hear. And what of their own failings? (Homer 210). Zeus’s take on the way that man blames everything on the Gods is that, truly, it isn’t the Gods’ faul t. It is almost like the Gods think that man should take responsibility of their own doings, and not just blame everything on the Gods. In that same tirade, Zeus questions Aigà ¬sthos, because mankind blames the Gods for everything, yet Aigà ¬sthos didn’t take the advice of the well-known messenger Hermes; We gods had warned him, send down Hermes, our most observant courier, to say: .... Friendly advice-but would Aigà ¬sthos take it? (Homer 210). So, mankind blames everything on the Gods, yet when presented with advice given by the Gods to man, in this case, Aigà ¬sthos, he doesn’t take it. Odysseus’s fate is still to go home, but it isn’t just because the Gods made his supposed fate to be so, it is because Odysseus is the loyal hero that made the faithful decision. Free will is represented by the choices able to be made by those involved in the myth. In example, when the suitors take over the house of Odysseus, the choices they make to be disgus ting, rude, and vile hits them with the violent repercussions that they deserve, meaning slaughter at the hand of Odysseus and his men. The Gods had the choice to interfere with the choices that the suitors were making, but knew that once Telemachus told Odysseus of howShow MoreRelatedHow Fate and Free Will Play a Part in the Odyssey816 Words   |  4 PagesHow Fate and Free Will Play a Part in The Odyssey Fate and free will are epic subjects in life. When we cannot control something we blame it on fate, but we try to change the way things are with our free will. Fate is something unknown that determines what will happen. It may seem like a coincidence or may feel like an omen, but it is something no person controls for oneself. Fate, to some, may be in the hands of a higher power such as gods or God. For others fate is merely something that happenedRead More Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey Essay2299 Words   |  10 Pages Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚   Fate seems to defy humanity at every turn.   A man may have his life planned out to the last second, but then some random force intervenes and he dies the second after he has completed his life plan.   Some believe in fate, believing that our lives are predetermined from the moment we are born.   Other people believe that everything is random, the result of some god rolling the dice in a universal poker game.   Still other people believe that eachRead More Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey - Guidance and Loyalty1355 Words   |  6 PagesGuidance, Fate, and Loyalty in The Odyssey nbsp; The Odyssey is an epic poem about a journey. After the Trojan War is won Odysseus leaves Troy for his home in Ithaca. However, the gods decide to test his courage and resolve and send him on a twenty-year odyssey. Odysseus courage is constantly tested as he struggles with the many obstacles the gods place before him. Although Homer depicted The Odyssey as a self-reliant journey, in reality the gods and other mortals guide Odysseus. It is hisRead More Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey - Test for Destiny1259 Words   |  6 Pages The Odyssey:nbsp; The Test for Destiny Throughout The Odyssey man is continually being tested to determine his destiny. He is tested for loyalty, determination, and valor. Odysseus along with many other characters have to conquer these values to determine their destiny. For example Odysseus is tested for loyalty to Penelope while out at sea. Then tested for his determination to get home. At times he was doubtful, but he never gave up. And lastly he was tested for his valor. He fought many battlesRead More Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey - Odysseus’s Fulfills His Destiny1472 Words   |  6 Pages Odysseus’s Fulfills his Destiny in The Odyssey During Odysseus’s journey in The Odyssey, his own guile, the gods’ obstacles and their assistance for him affected his destiny. Odysseus uses his crafty sense of trickery and guile to get out of situations, which allow him to reach his destiny of returning home. Many times in The Odyssey the gods who dislike Odysseus set obstacles to try to stop him from returning home. However, there are gods who favor him and give him assistance to reach his homelandRead MoreThe Role Of Fate In Greek Mythology1288 Words   |  6 Pagesbut in stories such as The Odyssey the gods play a prominent if not vital role to the central themes of the story. Fate has a place in the Greek world but is place is not the same as it is in other scenarios or worlds. It is important to understand the word before we discuss it. Fate as far as Greek mythology goes is not just fate, by most standards fate is described as things that occur for an unknown reason that no one has any control over. However, in Greek Mythology fate simply does not just happenRead MoreFree Will Or Fate?1098 Words   |  5 PagesBayley Neville Dr. Roberts English 235 October 5, 2015 Free Will or Fate? How does Odysseus decline Circe’s offer to become immortal? How does Don Quixote become a knight? Was it free will or fate? Some may say that the Odyssey is completely fate based and Don Quixote is entirely based on free will, but the two hold more similarities than you may realize. Homer, the writer of The Odyssey, focuses mainly on the god’s influence of Odysseus’s travels home. Miguel De Cervantes, writer of Don QuixoteRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Odysseus And The Odyssey951 Words   |  4 Pageson their gods. Unlike modern theology, though, Greeks also have Fate to blame. The gods and Fates both work together and against each other to control human lives in Greek literature. The Fates’ prophecies set outlines for human lives, like when they survive, who they kill, and how they die. The gods have the power to effect all other aspects of human lives. Humans can, in some ways, reject the attention of the gods. In The Odyssey, Odysseus deals with all three in order to return home. The causeRead MoreFree Will : Ancient Literature1536 Words   |  7 PagesConcept of Free Will: Ancient Literature in the West Free will is considered to be a philosophical term for a course of action among many possible options. It is a topic that almost every philosopher has debated for over two millennia. â€Å"Free will is defined as the ability to select a course of action as a means of fulfilling some desire† (O’Connor, 2002). Many philosophers think that free will is closely associated with moral responsibility as well as freedom of action. Free will is a human necessityRead MoreControlling Destiny : The Odyssey And Medea1555 Words   |  7 PagesControlling Destiny in The Odyssey and Medea In ancient Greek literature, fate is defined as the course a person’s life will take that is predetermined and can’t be changed by mortals or even the gods, and destiny is the outcomes that will ultimately be produced by one’s actions, social status, character, etc. Homer’s The Odyssey and Euripides’ Medea portrays their protagonists on a quest to reach their fate, but they first must take their destiny into their own hands in order to achieve this goal

African Literature In The Cutting Of A Drink And Essay Example For Students

African Literature: In The Cutting Of A Drink And Essay The ReturnAfrican Literature: In The Cutting of A Drink and The ReturnTrent Hughes Eng 109 Paper #2The two short stories In the Cutting of a Drink and The Return bringdifferent responses from me. In the Cutting of a Drink makes me think aboutwhat it would be like to go into a new culture. It also makes me think aboutthe decline in moral values now days. The Return reminds me to be morethankful for the many things I take for granted. It also makes me think abouthow hard it can be to cope with change. In the poem Those Rainy Mornings I amreminded of my grandma and what a kind, loving, wonderful person she is. In Frank Chipasulas poem Those Rainy Mornings the speaker is talkingabout his aunt Gwalanthi. The speaker tells us what a wonderful loving personhis aunt is. In the first section the speaker tells us how his aunt would wakeup at the crack of dawn and build a fire. Then she would begin cooking porridge. In the second section of the poem the speaker talks about waking up out of thenagging nightmare. Then the speaker describes his aunt a little bit more, hersoft but husky call. In the last section the speaker talks about how kind hisaunt is to take care of his brothers and sisters while his parents strayed tothe copper mines.This poem makes me think about my grandma and all the wonderful things shehas done for me. The speakers aunt is an old fragile woman, hoe-broken palmsand scrawny ribs. But she is also a very hard worker and loving person. Boththese things remind me of my grandma. My grandma may be old and fragile but sheis still a very hard working and loving person. My grandma is always up atfirst light doing household chores or working in her garden. Many times we haveto force her to go inside, so she wont be exposed to the hot sun for to long. I cant count the number of times my grandma has made my bed, folded our clothes,washed our dishes, or done various other household chores for me and my family. I could never fully repay my grandma for all the wonderful things she has done. My grandma, like aunt Gwalanthi, is a very kind, hard working person. Ama Ata Aidoos In the Cutting of a Drink is about a person relating hisstory of looking for his lost sister in a big city called Mamprobi. Thenarrator, Mansas brother, is talking to his uncles in the story. He is tellingthem about the things he experienced in the city while looking for Mansa. Thenarrator is from the country, so a lot of the city life is new or shocking tohim. The narrator and Duayaw, the person helping him find his sister, go to anightclub while looking for Mansa. This is a very new experience for thenarrator. Some new things he experiences are dancing and watching women buybeer. But the most shocking thing is when he finds out his sister Mansa worksthere. Young woman, is this the work you do? he asked her. In the endMansas reply was, any kind of work is work.This story made me think of a couple of things, differences in cultures orplaces and a decline in moral values. When the narrator goes to the city he isin a totally new culture. Many of the things he sees done a re shocking to him. .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .postImageUrl , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:hover , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:visited , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:active { border:0!important; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:active , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dissertation on Pain EssayI sat with my mouth open and watched the daughter of a woman cut beer like aman. I cannot describe how they danced. Going into a new culture would haveto be a shocking experience for anyone. The comment any for of work is workmade by Mansa makes me think about the decline in moral values. Now days manypeople seem to go by this saying. People seem to not care about what form ofwork they are doing as long as they make money. Some factors to consider whendoing a job are, is what you are doing morally right or ethical, and is what youare doing legal or illegal. Would you want your husband or wife to go to workas a prostitute? Or would you want them to go to work as a female or malestripper? I would hope not in both cases, the first simply because it isillegal. The second because it is pornography and I think you should haveenough respect for your spouse to not want them to do that kind of work. So thecomment any form of work is work is not a way to go about finding a job. The Return by Ngugi wa Thiongo is about a man named Kamau who returnshome after being in a detention camp for five years. He hopes to see his oldvillage exactly the same. Instead he finds it now ruled by the British. TheBritish have changed the village and its culture. Worst of all, Kamaus wifeMuthoni left with another man named Karanja. Muthoni did this because Karanjalied and told the village that Kamau had died. At the end of the story Kamaulets a small bundle, filled with things that reminded him of Muthoni, roll downa bank and float down the river. Then he talks about the relief he felt afterthis happened. Why should she have waited for me? Why should all the changeshave waited for my return?These comments make me think about change and how hard it can be to copewith change. It also made me be more thankful for some of the things I take forgranted. When Kamau returned home he basically returned home to a completelynew village. His family had aged, many people didnt recognize him , and hiswife was gone. This was very hard for Kamau to cope with, the old village hadnot even waited for him. Kamau felt resentful and angry. I know I would havethe same resentful feelings as Kamau if I were put in the same situation. Iwould feel cheated if I came home one day only to find it completely changed. Many time I find myself taking my friends, family, home, or security for granted. Sometimes I dont realize how important these things are in my life. I know ifthey were taken away or completely changed, I would be devastated. I would notbe able to get over it as fast as Kamau. After reading this story I am morethankful for the many things I take for granted. All three of these readings bring out different responses from me. Mygrandma is the person I think about in the poem Those Rainy Mornings. I amreminded of all the wonderful things she does for me and my family. In thestory In the Cutting of a Drink I think about the decline in moral valuesthese days. I also think about the what it would be like to go into a whole newculture. After reading the story The Return I am more thankful for the thingsthat I take for granted. The story also makes me think about change and howhard it can be to cope with change.

Sisyphus Is The Absurd Hero. This Man, Sentenced To Ceaselessly Rollin

Sisyphus is the absurd hero. This man, sentenced to ceaselessly rolling a rock to the top of a mountain and then watching its descent, is the essence of the absurd hero according to Camus. In retelling the Myth of Sisyphus, Camus is able to create an extremely powerful image with imaginative force, which sums up in an emotional sense the body of the discussion. We are told that Sisyphus is the absurd hero as much through his passions as through his torture. His scorn of the gods, his hatred of death, and his passion for life won him that unspeakable penalty in which the whole being is exerted toward accomplishing nothing." (p.120). Sisyphus is conscious of his dilemma, and in that lays his tragedy. For if, during the moments of descent, he nourished the hope that he would yet succeed, then his labor would lose its torment. Nevertheless, Sisyphus is clearly conscious of the extent of his misery. It is this logical recognition of his destiny that transforms his torment into his victory . It has to be a victory for as Camus says: "I leave Sisyphus at the foot of the mountain! One always finds one's burden again. But Sisyphus teaches the higher fidelity that negates the gods and raises rocks. He too concludes that all is well. This universe henceforth without a master seems to him neither sterile nor futile. Each atom of that stone, each mineral flake of that night-filled mountain, in itself forms a world. The struggle itself towards the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy." (p.123). Sisyphus' life and torment are turned into victory by concentrating on his freedom, his refusal to hope, and his knowledge of the absurdity of his situation. It matters little for what reason he continues to struggle so long as he continues on this absurd path and not venture on to the path of dreaming or wishing. The ideas behind the development of the absurd hero are present in the first three essays of the book. In these essays, Camus faces the problem of suicide. In his typically shocking, unnerving manner he opens with the bold statement that: "There is but one truly serious philosophical problem and that is suicide." (p. 3). He goes on to discover if suicide is a legitimate answer to the human dilemma. Or to put it another way: Is life worth living now that God is dead? Since Camus doesn't believe in the Superior Being, he must find another way to describe the fate of man. We know only two things: "This heart within me I can feel, and I judge that it exists. This world I can touch, and I likewise judge that it exists. There ends all my knowledge, and the rest is construction." (p. 19) With these as the basic certainties of the human condition, Camus argues that there is no meaning to life. He disapproves of the many philosophers who have played on words and pretended to believe that refusing to grant a meaning to life necessarily leads to declaring that it is not worth living." (p.8) Life has no absolute meaning. In spite of the human's irrational longing for unity, for absolutes, for a definite order and meaning to the universe, no such meaning exists in the silent, indifferent universe. Between this yearning for meaning and eternal truth and the actual condition of the universe, there is a gap that can never be filled. The confrontation of the irrational, longing human heart and the indifferent universe brings about the notion of the absurd. "The absurd is born of this confrontation between the human need and the unreasonable silence of the world." (p.28) Yet: The absurd is not in man nor in the world, but in their presence together...it is the only bond uniting them. (p. 30) People must realize that the feeling of the absurd exists and can happen to them at any time. The absurd person must demand to live solely with what is known and to bring in nothing that is not certain. This means that all I know is that I exist, that the world exists, and that I am mortal. Doesn't this make a useless life? Wouldn't suicide be a legitimate way out